Amanda Levy

Child marriage is a major global health issue that affects 140 million girls each year. Of these 140 million girls, 18.5 million are younger than the age of 15. It is important to note that any child could be affected by this regardless of biologic sex. This practice is most common in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa; however, children in any part of the world have the potential of being affected by this practice. There are a variety of situations that may lead to a child getting married. Some of these factors include religious beliefs, tradition, insecurity, poverty, and gender inequality in their culture. In many cultures child marriage rituals happen, and have developed, out of necessity. Many countries where child marriage is commonplace are some of the poorest countries in the world; therefore, poverty is a huge driving factor in the practice of child marriages. In many instances, a way out of the tradition of child marriage is education. Research has shown that girls who stay in school longer and complete their education are less likely to be married as a child compared to those who do not complete their education. This factor is important to note given the COVID-19 pandemic because many schools did not require students to attend classes in person. Additionally, the practice of child marriage leads to increased likelihood of domestic violence, isolation, worsening health and economic outcomes, and complications relating to pregnancy. Child marriage is not only detrimental to the young girls forced into the practice, but has only been shown to have worse outcomes for the countries involved. It creates a vicious cycle that was created out of poverty, but also further perpetuates worsened economic outcomes. As osteopathic medical students, our goal is to always look at the holistic view of a patient's wellness. This involves being aware of practices like this and being knowledgeable so that we can educate our peers, our patients, and others. This education becomes especially important when taking part in global health experiences in areas where this practice is endemic. This study focuses on previously published work and information on organizations with the goal to end this practice. Previously published research focused on information regarding child marriage, its’ impact, and methods to decrease its prevalence. Our main keyword was “Child Marriage”. Search engines used included GoogleScholar and PubMed. After compiling this information, a pamphlet and PowerPoint presentation were created to highlight the most important aspects to be used for educational purposes. The goal would be to provide this information to future NYITCOM health care students going on Global Health trips to provide knowledge and understanding of ways they can make an impact while abroad. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, NYITCOM has been unable to send any students abroad through the Global Health Program. Our goal is to see increased knowledge on this subject amongst Global Health students, decreased child marriages in the communities visited, and raise more awareness of this Global Health issue within the communities visited by students. Education and awareness can play a role in halting the cycle of child marriage and its associated negative outcomes. By working to end child marriage, we can take part in ending the multi-generational cycle of poverty and empower and encourage children to take control of their lives in the present and future.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is a group of heritable connective tissue disorder with a variety of subtypes. This review focuses on different types of headache in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS). Although there are various neurological manifestations that could present as headaches in hEDS, this report will discuss the prevalence and presentation of migraine, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, dysautonomia, craniocervical instability, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and Chiari malformation in patients with hEDS. Although the exact etiology and pathophysiology of various types of headache seen in hEDS is not known. One of the limitations of the study is lack of enough observational studies to establish a causal association between the various types of headache discussed and hEDS. In addition to discussing previous research on these topics, this review summarizes areas in need of further investigation

This is a case study on a patient with contact dermatitis. The patient was patch tested for various allergens and found to be allergic to mixed dialkyl thioureas. This chemical is typically found in rubber, and as a construction worker, this chemical was found in the patient’s work boots. Allergic contact dermatitis is common and often can be missed when not considered in the differential diagnosis and , if left untreated, lesions may spread.

Previous research has suggested that prosocial behavior is related to Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of vagus nerve activity theorized to be related to behavior regulation. Past research has not focused on RSA reactivity, early childhood, and assessments within classroom settings. The present study investigated the relation between prosocial behavior and RSA concurrently and 6 months later in early childhood using a community sample of 59 children (39 male, Mage = 45.99 months old, SD = 6.62 months) in western New York. The Preschool Social Behavior Scale–Teacher Form was used to rate prosocial behaviors at two time points. Basal (baseline) RSA and RSA reactivity data were collected within the laboratory at time one. Participants were shown two videos to record baseline and reactivity RSA, respectively. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to examine associations between RSA and prosocial behavior. It was found that RSA reactivity accounted for a nonsignificant 25% of the variance in prosocial behavior. This finding is consistent with previous research that has supported linear associations with social behavior and positive linear associations with prosocial behavior specifically.