Sign In or Use Email

Caroline VanSickle, PhD

Associate Professor, Anatomy at Des Moines University
From Kansas

Research

Clinical Anatomy Research: Does the shape of the pelvis determine when surgical interventions like c-sections are used in birth? The pelvis varies in shape between individuals, but is that variation meaningful? To investigate these questions, the VanSickle Lab studies CT scans of living and deceased individuals, using linear measurements or geometric morphometrics to compare shapes and dimensions within the human species.

Evolutionary Anatomy Research: In humans today, the shape of the pelvis can be used to estimate the sex of an individual. Yet, these sex differences are less obvious in our primate relatives. When did sex differences in the shape of the skeletal pelvis evolve? Was it when we started walking on two legs (~6 or more million years ago), when our brain sizes increased (~1 million years ago), or more recently in response to dietary changes associated with agriculture? The VanSickle Lab explores the evolution of sex differences in the pelvis in multiple groups of fossils, including Neandertals (~200,000 years ago), Homo naledi (~300,000 years ago) and Australopithecus sediba (~1.9 million years ago).

The VanSickle Lab at DMU uses a variety of methodologies, including 3D scanning and photogrammetry to create 3D models of fossil and skeletal remains; 3D printing of fossils and other anatomical models; 3D imaging software for analyzing variation from 3D models and CT data. DMU Students: Reach out if you are interested in joining the VanSickle Lab research team.

Teaching

At DMU, Dr. VanSickle teaches gross anatomy and neuroanatomy to DO, DPM, MSA, and PA students. She also offers an elective on LGBTQIA+ Health Care to all students at DMU and assists with the Teaching in Anatomy course offered to MSA and Dual Degree MSA/DO students.
Merit logo.Follow Caroline

A newly described Neandertal pelvis expands the range of variation known for this population (New Article)

Screenshot of article title, New insights into the Neanderthal pelvis morphology based on a partial os coxae from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain), and author list

Dr. VanSickle co-authored an article led by Dr. Torres-Tamayo and published in the Journal of Human Evolution. The manuscript describes a fossilized partial hip bone from Spain that, based on its context at the site and anatomical attributes, is an adult male Neandertal. By comparing the El Sidrón fossil with other Neandertals and with earlier hominins, the team discovered that the El Sidrón hip bone shared more traits with earlier taxa than most Neandertals do. This discovery expands the range of pelvic variation possible in Neandertals and links them more closely with earlier fossils.

April 2025 - Articles
Biological anthropologists can benefit from using qualitative data analysis (New Article)

Screenshot of article title, Rigorous and Systematic Qualitative Data Analysis in Biological Anthropology, and author list

Dr. VanSickle was invited to represent the paleoanthropology perspective for a peer-reviewed article led by Drs. Wutich, Nelson, and DuBois and published in the American Journal of Biological Anthropology. In this article, the authors reviewed and discussed the ways in which Biological Anthropologists can and do use qualitative methodologies in their research. Dr. VanSickle's section focused on the history and descriptions of hominin fossils after their initial discovery, context that is essential for understanding how to interpret the fossil even when traditional quantitative techniques may not be possible.

March 2025 - Articles
Podium presentation at AABA/HBA invited session in Baltimore MD

Screenshot of title slide with words: Is it time to abandon the obstetrical dilemma debate?

Dr. VanSickle presented a podium talk with co-author Dr. Liese at the invited session, "The evolution of birth difficulties: interdisciplinary approaches to the 'obstetrical dilemma'" in Baltimore MD. This session was co-sponsored by the American Association of Biological Anthropologists and the Human Biology Association. Her talk focused on the history of the obstetrical dilemma debate within anthropology and how the lines between the two sides have blurred over time, rendering this framework for discussing the evolution of birth obsolete.

At the AABA conference, Dr. VanSickle was also a co-author on a podium presentation presented by lead author Dr. Torres-Tamayo entitled, "First description of a partial os coxae from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) reveals ancestral traits in Neanderthal pelvis morphology". This talk presented a Neandertal pelvic fossil from Spain that expands the range of variation for Neandertal pelvic traits.

March 2025 - Conferences
New elective course: "LGBTQIA+ Health Care" offered at DMU
Dr. VanSickle developed this discussion-based course where students are able to explore various topics through recorded webinars from the National LGBTQIA+ Health Education Center, peer-reviewed journal articles featuring relevant case reports or meta-analyses, and podcasts featuring voices from the relevant patient population. The course also included a formative standardized patient encounter that involved taking a sexual health history from an LGBTQIA+ patient. She plans to offer this course every January to all DMU students available to attend in person.
January 2025 - Classwork
Published article in journal Palaeontologia Africana

Screenshot of article title: On the importance of using standardized anatomical terminology in palaeoanthropology: The missing StW 431 pubic body

Dr. VanSickle and her co-author Dr. Zipfel published a peer-reviewed article that article critiques the application of non-human anatomical terminology to fossils of human ancestors, mixing Dr. VanSickle's interests in anatomy and evolution.

December 2024 - Articles
Quoted in news article: "Humans' big brains may not be the reason for difficult childbirth, chimp study suggests"

Screenshot from news article with text: Instead, it's likely 'the obstetrical dilemma started much earlier than the old hypothesis predicted and was present in the last common ancestor shared by chimps and humans,' Caroline VanSickle, a biological anthropologist at Des Moines University, who was not involved in the study, told Live Science in an email.

Dr. VanSickle was quoted for her expertise in the evolution of sex differences in the human pelvis in a LiveScience article. The news article reports on a recent study by Webb et al. that claimed pelvic sex differences are not unique to humans but exist in chimpanzees as well. Dr. VanSickle is quoted saying, "If true, anthropologists may have found an explanation for why some of our bipedal ancestors seemed to have a challenging time giving birth despite having small brains — they may have faced the same birthing challenges as that common ancestor shared with chimpanzees!"

November 2024 - Others
Poster presentation at the ESHE annual conference in Zagreb, Croatia

Screenshot of purple box forming the title of the poster: Perspectives on Possible & Probable Paranthropus Pelves

Dr. VanSickle presented a poster at the European Society for the study of Human Evolution annual meetings in Zagreb, Croatia. Her poster, co-authored with researchers from the University of Zurich and the University of Freiburg, demonstrated how a newly developed Statistical Shape Modeling technique could be applied to reconstruct a fossil hip bone from South Africa. The hip bone, SK 3155b, has previously been assigned to the genus Paranthropus, a genus for which pelvic anatomy is largely unknown. This poster presented preliminary results of how the unknown pelvis of this species could be reconstructed for future study.

At the same conference, Dr. VanSickle was a co-author on a poster led by Dr. Schlager that described the Statistical Shape Modeling method in greater detail, demonstrating how it has been validated on other hominin fossils where more anatomy is preserved.

September 2024 - Conferences
Podium presentation at Homo naledi invited symposium in Johannesburg, South Africa

Screenshot of PowerPoint slide with an sketch of a pregnant Homo naledi and the title: How Homo naledi pelvic fragments could solve an obstetrical dilemma

Dr. VanSickle presented a podium talk at the by-invitation-only symposium, "Societies, Culture, and Behavior – The next 10 years of Homo naledi studies" in Johannesburg, South Africa. Her talk focused on the status and plans to better analyze and evaluate the pelvic fossils attributed with the small-brained hominin species that lived in South Africa ~300,000 years ago.
August 2024 - Presentations
Podium presentation at EAAPP biennial conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Screenshot of Powerpoint slide with a pink 3D model of a hominin hip bone and the title: Revisiting the taxonomic affiliation of the SK 3155b isolated hominin hip

Dr. VanSickle presented a podium talk at the Eastern African Association of Palaeoanthropology and Palaeontology (EAAPP) meetings in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Her talk focused on a fossil hipbone discovered in 1974 in South Africa. She and her co-author, Dr. Cofran, re-evaluated the hip in light of more recent discoveries, demonstrating that traditional comparative methods do a poor job distinguishing the multiple hominin species present in South Africa ~2 million years ago.

July 2024 - Conferences
Caroline VanSickle Presents at the 2026 Des Moines University Research Colloquium

Big ideas. Bold research. Bright futures. Caroline VanSickle, PhD, and over 50 students presented at the 2026 Research Colloquium at Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences in April. DM...

April, 29 2026 - Verified by Des Moines University
© Copyright 2026 • Merit Pages, Inc.Terms of ServicePrivacy Policy